{"id":468,"date":"2024-04-06T02:23:16","date_gmt":"2024-04-05T23:23:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/snarabiah.com\/?p=468"},"modified":"2024-04-15T13:10:49","modified_gmt":"2024-04-15T10:10:49","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%b2-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/snarabiah.com\/?p=468","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1973\u060c \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1978 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 (\u00a0\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0644 73\/78\u00a0). \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u00a0GMDSS\u00a0) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1988 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1992. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1999\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (GMDSS) \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u0641\u064a 1 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1997\u060c \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646\u00a0\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1978 \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 STCW \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f “\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 STCW”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629\u00a0\u0636\u062f<\/a>\u00a0\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1988 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 (\u00a0\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a SUA \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2005\u00a0)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\/\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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    \n
  • 1983 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2013 – 30 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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