{"id":560,"date":"2024-04-08T16:35:03","date_gmt":"2024-04-08T13:35:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/snarabiah.com\/?p=560"},"modified":"2024-04-15T13:09:56","modified_gmt":"2024-04-15T10:09:56","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/snarabiah.com\/?p=560","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 (SOLAS)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0623\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629: 1 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1974.
\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629: 25 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/ \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1980.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u0641\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a>  \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"       \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 (SOLAS)  \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1914\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1929\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1960. \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1965) \u0643\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (IMO) \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 1974\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 1974 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0640 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1974 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 (SOLAS) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a (SOLAS)\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a.
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0633\u0641\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 (SOLAS) \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

        \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 (SOLAS) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 14 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        \u0648\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a-1: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 -\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 (\u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627) \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639.
\u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0650\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0650\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0629.
\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a -2: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 -\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629.
        \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629.
        \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644.
        \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647.
        \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647.
        \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642.
        \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642.
        \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d (LSA) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 34 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 (SOLAS).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u00a0(GMDSS)\u00a0\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 300 \u0637\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 (EPIRB)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0628\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 (SART)\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633: \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a (\u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646\u060c \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630.
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629.\u00a0\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 (VDRs)\u00a0\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a (AIS)\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633: \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629” (\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 A -\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0623\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a.
\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 (IMDG Code) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 A -1 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 B:<\/strong> \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 (IBC Code). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 C:<\/strong> \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 (IGC Code). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 D:<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 (INF Code) \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 (IMDG Code).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 -\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1981.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 -\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 (ISM) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 (“\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629”).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 (HSC Code). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 -1: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 -2: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 3 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (ISPS Code).
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 A \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 B \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 8 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062c\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 5 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 6 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a (ISPS Code).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (IMO) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631: \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 150 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 (SOLAS) \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 1 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 -\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u00a0(the Polar Code)\u00a0\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 (1-A) \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 1 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 (SOLAS 74) \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f (SOLAS) \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0643\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 (MARPOL) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0629 (STCW) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 ….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0623\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629: 1 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1974.\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629: 25 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/ \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1980.         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